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Click on the phrases to see them in context. The original texts by Immanuel Kant and David Hume are available from the Gutenberg Projet.
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Vice, when placed on another, excites, by means of its double relations, the passion of hatred, instead of love, which for the same reason arises from virtue. Perhaps it will appear afterwards, that our sense of some virtues is artificial, and that of others natural. But though this distinction betwixt voluntary and involuntary be not sufficient to justify the distinction betwixt natural abilities and moral virtues, yet the former distinction will afford us a plausible reason, why moralists have invented the latter. Our reputation, our character, our name are considerations of vast weight and importance; and even the other causes of pride; virtue, beauty and riches; have little influence, when not seconded by the opinions and sentiments of others. This is the ultimate test of merit and virtue. SECT. I OF THE ORIGIN OF THE NATURAL VIRTUES AND VICES The very essence of virtue, according to this hypothesis, is to produce pleasure and that of vice to give pain.