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Click on the phrases to see them in context. The original texts by Immanuel Kant and David Hume are available from the Gutenberg Projet.
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The passions do not always follow our corrections; but these corrections serve sufficiently to regulate our abstract notions, and are alone regarded, when we pronounce in general concerning the degrees of vice and virtue. For these reasons the former qualities are esteemed virtues, and the latter regarded as vices. Thus we are still brought back to our first position, that virtue is distinguished by the pleasure, and vice by the pain, that any action, sentiment or character gives us by the mere view and contemplation. It may now be proper to illustrate this general system of morals, by applying it to particular instances of virtue and vice, and shewing how their merit or demerit arises from the four sources here explained. We come now to the examination of such virtues and vices as are entirely natural, and have no dependance on the artifice and contrivance of men. Being fully convinced of the influence of this relation, I try the effects of the other; and by changing virtue for vice, convert the pleasant impression, which arises from the former, into the disagreeable one, which proceeds from the latter. PART I OF VIRTUE AND VICE IN GENERAL We shall begin with examining the passions of pride and humility, and shall consider the vice or virtue that lies in their excesses or just proportion.