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Click on the phrases to see them in context. The original texts by Immanuel Kant and David Hume are available from the Gutenberg Projet.

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It may now be proper to illustrate this general system of morals, by applying it to particular instances of virtue and vice, and shewing how their merit or demerit arises from the four sources here explained.

 But can there be any difficulty in proving, that vice and virtue are not matters of fact, whose existence we can infer by reason? Take any action allowed to be vicious: Wilful murder, for instance. Ideas always represent their objects or impressions; and vice versa, there are some objects necessary to give rise to every idea.  We come now to the examination of such virtues and vices as are entirely natural, and have no dependance on the artifice and contrivance of men. The discussion of this question will be more proper, when we enter upon an exact detail of each particular vice and virtue. Now, as a like uncertainty and variety of causes take place, even in natural objects, and produce a like error in our judgment, if that tendency to produce error were the very essence of vice and immorality, it should follow, that even inanimate objects might be vicious and immoral.